๐Ÿ‘† ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื”ื™ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืคืจื”

  1. ๐Ÿ‘† ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื”ื™ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืคืจื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ...
  2. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื”
  3. ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘?
  4. ืื™ืœื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ืœื‘
  5. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœืœื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
  6. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

๐Ÿ‘† ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื”ื™ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืคืจื”

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขื ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” - ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืจื”, ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื:

  • ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื”;
  • ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืงื•ื˜ื’ ';
  • ืกืจื•ื;
  • ื—ืœื‘ ื—ืžื•ืฅ;
  • ืงืคื™ืจ;
  • ืฉืžื ืช

ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื”;   ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืงื•ื˜ื’ ';   ืกืจื•ื;   ื—ืœื‘ ื—ืžื•ืฅ;   ืงืคื™ืจ;   ืฉืžื ืช

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื›ืื—ื•ื– ืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข. ืขืœ ืคื™ GOST ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืืœื”, ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืชื™ื•ื’ - ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื”.

ืžื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืคืจื”

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืงื•ื ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ืฉืžืŸ. ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืชื™ (ืžืฉืง) ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ืืš ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื–ื”ื”. ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื:

  1. ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ ื ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
  2. ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ.
  3. ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื ื—ืœื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื—ืœื™ื‘ื”.
  4. ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ.
  5. ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœื‘ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื“ื ื™.
  6. ื ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉ: ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื• ืขืจื‘ ื–ื” ื ืื“ื•. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืขืจื‘ - ืฉื•ืžืŸ.
  7. ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื’ื ืžืฉื—ืงืช ืชืคืงื™ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืคื›ื” ืื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืžืื•ื“, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืจืง 60 ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืขื’ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ.
  8. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื”, ื”ืคืจื” ืœื ื—ื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ, ืืœื ืงื•ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื•ื: ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืžื ื™ืช, ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ืื›ืœืช ื”ืขื’ืœ, ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืคื•ื—ืชืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื—ื–ืจืช ืœืื—ืจ 3-4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
  9. ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื—ืœื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื” ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจื›ืช ืขืฉื‘ ื™ืจื•ืง ื˜ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืขื”.
  10. ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื‘ื”ืื›ืœืช ืคืจื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ืจ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ.

ืœื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืžืœืื™ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื”, ื›ืžื•:

  • ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื”;
  • ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช;
  • ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื ืงื”;
  • "ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื”.

ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. ืขื ืžืฉืงื” ืขืชื™ืจ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืืชื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื ื•ื–ืœ ืจื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื. ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคืจื”, ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ ืžืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื ื™ื— ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืขื™ืงื•ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช (ืจื•ืชื— ืขืœ ืืฉ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 5-7 ื“ืงื•ืช).

ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœื‘ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืžื›ื” ืžืจืืฉ, ืžืงืจื™ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื.

ืื–, ืื™ืœื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื”.

ืื–, ืื™ืœื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื”

ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื”

ื—ืงืœืื™ ืื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื ืชื— ื™ืงืจ, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื (ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื), ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžื™ ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืื• ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. ืžื ืชื—ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืื– ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ืžื›ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘, ืžื—ืžื ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืื• ืžืงืจืจ ืื•ืชื•. ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ - ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื” ืœืžื“ื™, ืืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ - ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื” ืœืžื“ื™, ืืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช

๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘?

ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื—ื•ื– ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืขืงื‘ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืขื•. ืขื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืงืœื•ืจื™ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ.

ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืงืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช, ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืืœื ืจืง ืœืืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืคืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื—ื•ื•ืช.

ืงืจื ื’ื

ืื™ืœื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ืœื‘

ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ 1-2 ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืื– ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” - ืงื ื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื™. ื–ื”ื• ืฆืฃ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—. ื–ื” ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ, ืžืจืื” ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ืขืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ. ืืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื—ืœื‘ ื˜ืจื™ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง, ืืœื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืขืžื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 5 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ืš.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœืœื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื

ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืงืœื•ืจื™. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœ 100 ืž"ืœ.

ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื 1.5% ืฉื•ืžืŸ - ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ - ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -31 ืงื™ืœื•ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ -2% - ืขื“ 44 ืงืง"ืœ; ื‘ -3% - 52, ื•ื‘ -4% - 60 ืงืง"ืœ. ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ 6% ื• 84 ืงืง"ืœ ืœ 100 ืž"ืœ. ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 0 ืœ- 6%.

ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืžื•ืชืกืกื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื•. ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืœื ืžืื‘ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.

ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื–ื•ื’ ื—ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœื™ ืขืžื•ืง. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช.

๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ื—ืœื‘ ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง? - ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื 0.5 ืœื™ื˜ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืงื—ืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื›ื–ื” ื•ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืฆื•ื•ืืจ. ื•ืื– ื”ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ืš ืขื ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 23 ืžืขืœื•ืช. ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ 9 ืฉืขื•ืช. ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—, ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื, ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืกืจื’ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื• ื›ืœื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ, ื™ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื– ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ.

ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜: ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื 1% ืฉื•ืžืŸ.

ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืžืจืืฉ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื—ืœื‘ ืžืคืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืงืœื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช: ืžืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืงื•ื˜ื’ 'ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช, ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• - ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื” ืื• ืฉืžื ืช.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื ืกืคื’ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”, ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืคืจืขื” ืื• ื“ื™ืกื‘ื™ื•ื–ื™ืก. ืืš ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืคืจืขื” ื•ืœืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืชื ืื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. ื›ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืชื™, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืขื˜ ื”ืชื—ืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ืฅ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื”.

ืงื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืžื’ื“ืœ, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืืชื” ืžื™ื“ ืจื•ืื” ืžื—ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”. ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืžื”ื—ืœื‘. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.

?ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื‘?
?ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ื—ืœื‘ ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง?