How does bloom allergy manifest in children in spring: symptoms and treatment

1. What plants cause a reaction in spring?
2. What plants are dangerous in summer?
3. Development mechanism
4. Symptoms and clinical picture
5. Complications
6. Diagnostics
7. Treatment methods
8. Medicamentous
9. Folk remedies
10. Inhalation
11. How to protect a child?
12. Does it pass with age?

Pollinosis (an allergy to pollen of flowering plants ) is a disease that affects the organs of the respiratory system, mucous membranes, and internal organs of a child.

The disease is considered to be very common, about 20% of the population suffers from hay fever, to one degree or another. At the same time, there is a tendency to an increase in the incidence, and the age of the patients is becoming more and more young.

So, before it was believed that the symptoms of pollinosis manifest themselves only in adolescence and older age , today there are cases of the development of symptoms of bloom allergy and in children.

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What plants cause a reaction in spring?

Allergic reaction in the spring (April - May) is associated with the flowering of trees .

The greatest danger is the flowering of trees such as Birch tree , alder, maple, aspen, ash, oak.

Previously, it was believed that pollinosis in a child manifests itself as a reaction to the flowering of poplar, its down, however, the down itself does not cause pollinosis (there is another type of allergic reaction).

However, poplar fluff is able to carry on itself the pollen of other flowering plants. It is this pollen that provokes the development of pollinosis.

Dangerous plants are also considered fruit and berry trees , the flowering season of which also occurs in the spring.

What plants are dangerous in summer?

The next surge of pollinosis occurs in the summer period (June - July). In the summer months meadow grass blooms (dandelion, nettle, chamomile). Pollen of these plants, spreading through the air, leads to the development of pollinosis.

In addition, dangerous cereal plants, which in summer also emit pollen, which is a strong allergen.

At the end of summer (August) weeds bloom, such as wormwood, quinoa . At this point, pollen is also formed, which can provoke an allergic reaction.

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Development mechanism

An allergic reaction to the flowering of plants in a child manifests itself in those periods when the content of pollen in the air increases sharply and reaches critical values .

These indicators are relative (10-20 grains per 1 cubic meter of air). However, the manifestations of pollinosis can occur with a lower content of pollen.

The pollen represents an extremely small male seed of a plant. It consists of a special protein , which is perceived by the body’s immune system as an allergen substance.

Getting on the mucous membrane and in the region of the upper respiratory tract, this protein activates the immune system. Immunity perceives it as a foreign organism, and gives the appropriate response, releasing a special substance - histamine .

Elevated levels of histamine provoke the development of characteristic allergy symptoms.

Symptoms and clinical picture

How does bloody allergy manifest in children? Outwardly, the manifestations of pollinosis are similar to the symptoms of ordinary ARVI: the child feels weak, headache, he has a cough, nasal discharge.

At the same time, many parents perceive this as a signal of the beginning cold, and give the child antiviral drugs.

This can not be done, since taking these medicines can only aggravate the situation , strengthen the clinical manifestations of the disease. Among the characteristic symptoms of hay fever include:

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Many substances - allergens have a similar in structure protein , which provokes the development of symptoms of a pathological reaction. So, the pollen protein is similar to the protein found in some food .

As a result, the body's immune system perceives these proteins equally, and, accordingly, produces an identical reaction. This is called cross-allergy.

So, in case of an allergy to flowering of trees, it is not recommended to eat such products as: birch sap, stone fruit and berries, nuts, apples, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes.

Caution should be applied to all sorts of plant collections used in herbal medicine.

When meadow grass is flowering, yeast drinks, bakery products, cereal cereals, strawberries, citrus fruits should be excluded from the diet . When weeds bloom, it is not recommended to use seeds, seasonings, carrots, citrus fruits, garlic, herbal decoctions.

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Complications

During the exacerbation of seasonal allergy, the child’s general well-being deteriorates, he feels lethargic, feels a headache.

This adversely affects his attention, which can later lead to problems with academic performance .

If a baby has a skin manifestation of allergy, accompanied by a rash and severe itching, when scratching the skin, wounds are formed through which an infection enters the body.

This can lead to very serious consequences, including blood poisoning . An intense allergic reaction can trigger development. anaphylactic shock or Quincke edema - a dangerous condition that leads to suffocation, asphyxiation.

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Diagnostics

The manifestations of pollinosis are similar to the symptoms of a common cold .

However, there are some differences: during pollinosis, the child’s body temperature does not rise, the lymph nodes do not increase, there is no discomfort in the joints, redness of the throat.

All these symptoms are characteristic of ARVI. In addition to the clinical manifestations in the diagnosis , the following studies are conducted:

• detailed blood test to exclude infectious diseases;
• an immunological response to detect the presence of antibodies;
• skin tests to identify the substance - an allergen.

Treatment methods

What to do? If a child has similar allergy symptoms at about the same time of year, the baby should be shown to a specialist.

Otherwise, the possible development of complications, as already mentioned above.

The doctor will make an accurate diagnosis, identify the substance – irritant , and, depending on the results, prescribe the appropriate complex therapy.

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Medicamentous

How to treat:

1. To eliminate the symptoms of pollinosis, alleviate the child’s condition, it is recommended to use anti-histamine agents of the 3rd generation . They allow to achieve positive results in a short time and with virtually no adverse events. These funds include Erius, Loratadin, Zyrtec, Zodak.
2. If among the symptoms of pollinosis in a child allergic rhinitis is noted, it makes sense to prescribe special vasoconstrictor nasal drops (for example, Allergodil). In allergic conjunctivitis, eye drops are prescribed to relieve inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, eliminating tearing (for example, Opticorm).
3. Vitamin therapy is indicated to strengthen the immune system. However, only the doctor should choose the drug, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child’s body and the possibility of intolerance to any components of the drug.

Folk remedies

The following folk recipes will help to remove the manifestations of pollinosis:

1. Grind 4 medium onions , pour boiling water at room temperature, leave for a few hours. Means strain, take 3-4 times a day for a few sips.
2. Dilute table salt with warm boiled water (1. tsp salt per liter of water), rinse your nose every 2-3 hours.

Inhalation

If a child suffers from asthma attacks during the flowering period of the plant, the baby needs special inhalations .

The procedure will expand the bronchi, facilitate breathing, clear the area of ​​the respiratory tract from the substance-allergen.

It is very simple to prepare inhalation, for this it is necessary to pour water into the inhaler (it should not be too hot), add a small amount of baking soda . The procedure is recommended every 2-3 hours, the duration of 5-10 minutes.

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How to protect a child?

In case of hypersensitivity to pollen of flowering plants, the following preventive measures should be taken:

1. Try not to go out in hot, dry and windy weather, since at this time the concentration of pollen in the air is especially high.
2. Regularly humidify the air in the nursery. To do this, you can use a special humidifier or containers with hot water.
3. As often as possible to do wet cleaning to the nursery.
4. Exclude from the diet all foods that can cause an allergic reaction.
5. After the child has come from the street, it is necessary to bathe him, rinse his nose with saline.

Does it pass with age?

If pollinosis is not treated, the disease flows into a neglected form, complications develop in the form asthma .

If the therapy was correct and timely, over time, the symptoms of pollinosis disappear or disappear completely.

Pollinosis is an allergic reaction to the flowering of plants (their pollen). Allergen is a protein found in pollen. The disease has a number of symptoms that are externally similar to the manifestations of ARVI, however, there are also differences.

Pollinosis must be treated, otherwise complications may develop. Treatment is complex, with the use of medicines, folk remedies.

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